This book examines engineering and mathematical models for documenting and approving mechanical and environmental discharges. The author emphasizes engineering design considerations as well as applications to waste water and atmospheric discharges. Chapters discuss: the fundamentals of turbulent jet mixing, dilution concepts, and mixing zone concepts diffuser configurations and head loss calculations different modeling techniques and accepted models - discussed in detail with theoretical background, restrictions, input, output, and examples Lagrangian and the EPA UM 2-dimensional diffuser model the PLUMES interface Eulerian integral methods, EPA UDKHG 3-dimensional diffuser model, and PDSG surface discharge model empirical techniques, RSB diffuser model, the CORMIX family of models for both diffusers and surface discharge numerical methods with a discussion of shelf commercial models Gaussian atmospheric plume models Fundamentals of Environmental Discharge Modeling includes numerous case studies and examples for each model and problem.

Viscoelastic Solids covers the mathematical theory of viscoelasticity and physical insights, causal mechanisms, and practical applications. Viscoelastic Solids also demonstrates the use of viscoelasticity for diverse applications, such as earplugs, gaskets, computer disks, satellite stability, medical diagnosis, injury prevention, vibration abatement, tire performance, sports, spacecraft explosions, and music.

Viscoelastic Solids covers the mathematical theory of viscoelasticity and physical insights, causal mechanisms, and practical applications. The book: presents a development of the theory, addressing both transient and dynamic aspects as well as emphasizing linear viscoelasticity synthesizes the structure of the theory with the aim of developing physical insight illustrates the methods for the solution of stress analysis problems in viscoelastic objects explores experimental methods for the characterization of viscoelastic materials describes the phenomenology of viscoelasticity in a variety of materials, including polymers, metals, high damping alloys, rock, piezoelectric materials, cellular solids, dense composite materials, and biological materials analyzes high damping and extremely low damping provides the theory of viscoelastic composite materials, including examples of various types of structure and the relationships between structure and mechanical properties contains examples on the use of viscoelastic materials in preventing and alleviating human suffering Viscoelastic Solids also demonstrates the use of viscoelasticity for diverse applications, such as earplugs, gaskets, computer disks, satellite stability, medical diagnosis, injury prevention, vibration abatement, tire performance, sports, spacecraft explosions, and music.

Mechanics of Fatigue addresses the range of topics concerning damage, fatigue, and fracture of engineering materials and structures. The core of this resource builds upon the synthesis of micro- and macro-mechanics of fracture. In micromechanics, both the modeling of mechanical phenomena on the level of material structure and the continuous approach are based on the use of certain internal field parameters characterizing the dispersed micro-damage. This is referred to as continuum damage mechanics. The author develops his own theory for macromechanics, called analytical fracture mechanics. This term means the system cracked body - loading or loading device - is considered as a mechanical system and the tools of analytical (rational) mechanics are applied thoroughly to describe crack propagation until the final failure. Chapter discuss: opreliminary information on fatigue and engineering methods for design of machines and structures against failures caused by fatigue ofatigue crack nucleation, including microstructural and continuous models otheory of fatigue crack propagation ofatigue crack growth in linear elastic materials subject to dispersed damage ofatigue cracks in elasto-plastic material, including crack growth retardation due to overloading as well as quasistationary approximation ofatigue and related phenomena in hereditary solids oapplication of the theory fatigue crack growth considering environmental factors ounidirectional fiber composites with ductile matrix and brittle, initially continuous fibers olaminate composites Mechanics of Fatigue serves students dealing with mechanical aspects of fatigue, conducting research in fracture mechanics, structural safety, mechanics ofcomposites, as well as modern branches of mechanics of solids and structures.

This book examines engineering and mathematical models for documenting and approving mechanical and environmental discharges. The author emphasizes engineering design considerations as well as applications to waste water and atmospheric discharges. Chapters discuss: othe fundamentals of turbulent jet mixing, dilution concepts, and mixing zone concepts odiffuser configurations and head loss calculations odifferent modeling techniques and accepted models - discussed in detail with theoretical background, restrictions, input, output, and examples oLagrangian and the EPA UM 2-dimensional diffuser model othe PLUMES interface oEulerian integral methods, EPA UDKHG 3-dimensional diffuser model, and PDSG surface discharge model oempirical techniques, RSB diffuser model, the CORMIX family of models for both diffusers and surface discharge onumerical methods with a discussion of shelf commercial models oGaussian atmospheric plume models Fundamentals of Environmental Discharge Modeling includes numerous case studies and examples for each model and problem.

The rapid growth of literature on convective heat and mass transfer through porous media has brought both engineering and fundamental knowledge to a new state of completeness and depth. Additionally, several new questions of fundamental merit have arisen in several areas which bear direct relation to further advancement of basic knowledge and applications in this field. For example, the growth of fundamental heat transfer data and correlations for engineering use for saturated media has now reached the point where the relations for heat transfer coefficients and flow parameters are known well enough for design purposes. Multiple flow field regimes in natural convection have been identified in several important enclosure geometries. New questions have arisen on the nature of equations being used in theoretical studies, i. e. , the Validity of Darcy assumption is being brought into question; Wall effects in high and low velocity flow fields have been found to play a role in predicting transport coefficients; The formulation of transport problems in fractured media are being investigated as both an extension of those in a homogeneous medium and for application in engineering systems in geologic media and problems on saturated media are being addressed to determine their proper formulation and solution. The long standing problem of how to adequately formulate and solve problems of multi-phase heat and mass transfer in heterogeneous media is important in the technologies of chemical reactor engineering and enhanced oil recovery.

Mechanics of Fatigue addresses the range of topics concerning damage, fatigue, and fracture of engineering materials and structures. The core of this resource builds upon the synthesis of micro- and macro-mechanics of fracture. In micromechanics, both the modeling of mechanical phenomena on the level of material structure and the continuous approach are based on the use of certain internal field parameters characterizing the dispersed micro-damage. This is referred to as continuum damage mechanics. The author develops his own theory for macromechanics, called analytical fracture mechanics. This term means the system cracked body - loading or loading device - is considered as a mechanical system and the tools of analytical (rational) mechanics are applied thoroughly to describe crack propagation until the final failure. Chapter discuss: preliminary information on fatigue and engineering methods for design of machines and structures against failures caused by fatigue fatigue crack nucleation, including microstructural and continuous models theory of fatigue crack propagation fatigue crack growth in linear elastic materials subject to dispersed damage fatigue cracks in elasto-plastic material, including crack growth retardation due to overloading as well as quasistationary approximation fatigue and related phenomena in hereditary solids application of the theory fatigue crack growth considering environmental factors unidirectional fiber composites with ductile matrix and brittle, initially continuous fibers laminate composites Mechanics of Fatigue serves students dealing with mechanical aspects of fatigue, conducting research in fracture mechanics, structural safety, mechanics of composites, as well as modern branches of mechanics of solids and structures.